Roller coaster - Wikipedia. The Scenic Railway at Luna Park, Melbourne, is the world's oldest continually- operating roller coaster, built in 1. A roller coaster is an amusement ride developed for amusement parks and modern theme parks. La. Marcus Adna Thompson obtained a patent regarding roller coasters on January 2. In essence a specialized railroad system, a roller coaster consists of a track that rises in designed patterns, sometimes with one or more inversions (such as vertical loops) that briefly turn the rider upside down. The track does not necessarily have to be a complete circuit, as shuttle roller coasters demonstrate. Most roller coasters have multiple cars in which passengers sit and are restrained. Some roller coasters, notably wild mouse roller coasters, run with single cars. History. Other historians believe that the first modern roller coaster was built by the French. However, the Russian term for roller coasters is . Railway companies used similar tracks to provide amusement on days when ridership was low. Using this idea as a basis, La. Marcus Adna Thompson began work on a gravity Switchback Railway that opened at Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York in 1. Perhaps the best known historical roller coaster, The Cyclone, was opened at Coney Island in 1. The Great Depression marked the end of the first golden age of roller coasters, and amusement parks in general went into decline. This lasted until 1. The Racer was built at Kings Island in Mason, Ohio (near Cincinnati). Designed by John Allen, the instant success of The Racer began a second golden age, which has continued to this day. Steel roller coasters. Unlike wooden coaster rails, which are generally formed using steel strips mounted on laminated wood, tubular steel can be bent in any direction, allowing designers to incorporate loops, corkscrews, and many other maneuvers into their designs. Amazon Music Unlimited Prime Music CDs & Vinyl Download Store Open Web Player MP3 cart Settings. Most modern roller coasters are made of steel, although wooden coasters are still being built along with hybrids of steel and wood. Steel Dragon 2. 00. Nagashima Spaland in Mie, Japan, is the longest steel roller coaster in the world. It is 2,4. 79 m (8,1. Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure near Jackson in New Jersey, USA, is the tallest steel roller coaster in the world. It reaches a maximum height of 1. It is said to have originated from an early American design where slides or ramps were fitted with rollers over which a sled would coast. A toboggan- like sled was raised to the top of a track which consisted of hundreds of rollers. This Roller Toboggan then took off down gently rolling hills to the floor. The inventors of this ride, Stephen E. Floyd, claim that they were the first to use the term . Contrastingly, in Russian, they are called . In Scandinavian languages, the roller coaster is referred as . 7.4 / 10 - 27129 Hull. It closed at the end of the 2013 season, though a few rides of historical significance were incorporated into the adjacent zoo, notably the Hull. Breakdance Dodgem Entrance. Luna Park is a name shared by dozens of currently operating and defunct amusement parks that have opened on every continent except Antarctica. They are named after, and partly based on, the first 'Luna Park', which opened in 1903 during the heyday of large Coney Island, New York. Instead, a standard full circuit coaster is pulled up with a chain or cable along the lift hill to the first peak of the coaster track. The potential energy accumulated by the rise in height is transferred to kinetic energy as the cars race down the first downward slope. Kinetic energy is then converted back into potential energy as the train moves up again to the second peak. This hill is necessarily lower, as some mechanical energy is lost to friction. Not all rides feature a lift hill, however. The train may be set into motion by a launch mechanism such as a flywheel launch, linear induction motors, linear synchronous motors, hydraulic launch, compressed air launch or drive tire. Such launched coasters are capable of reaching higher speeds in a shorter length of track than those featuring a conventional lift hill. Some roller coasters move back and forth along the same section of track; these are known as shuttles and usually run the circuit once with riders moving forwards and then backwards through the same course. A properly designed ride under good conditions will have enough kinetic, or moving, energy to complete the entire course, at the end of which brakes bring the train to a complete stop and it is pushed into the station. A brake run at the end of the circuit is the most common method of bringing the roller coaster ride to a stop. One notable exception is a powered roller coaster. These rides, instead of being powered by gravity, use one or more motors in the cars to propel the trains along the course. If a continuous- circuit coaster does not have enough kinetic energy to completely travel the course after descending from its highest point (as can happen with high winds or increased friction), the train can valley: that is, roll backwards and forwards along the track, until all kinetic energy has been released. The train will then come to a complete stop in the middle of the track. This, however, works somewhat differently on a launched coaster. When a train launcher does not have enough potential energy to launch the train to the top of an incline, the train is said to roll back. In 2. 00. 6, NASA announced that it would build a system using principles similar to those of a roller coaster to help astronauts escape the Ares I launch pad in an emergency. One of these is the block system. Most large roller coasters have the ability to run two or more trains at once, and the block system prevents these trains from colliding. In this system, the track is divided into several sections, or blocks. Only one train at a time is permitted in each block. At the end of each block, there is a section of track where a train can be stopped if necessary (either by preventing dispatch from the station, closing brakes, or stopping a lift). Sensors at the end of each block detect when a train passes so that the computer running the ride is aware of which blocks are occupied. When the computer detects a train about to travel into an already occupied block, it uses whatever method is available to keep it from entering. The trains are fully automated. The above can cause a cascade effect when multiple trains become stopped at the end of each block. In order to prevent this problem, ride operators follow set procedures regarding when to release a newly loaded train from the station. One common pattern, used on rides with two trains, is to do the following: hold train #1 (which has just finished the ride) right outside the station, release train #2 (which has loaded while #1 was running), and then allow #1 into the station to unload safely. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get them in front of Issuu’s millions of monthly readers.Another key to safety is the control of the roller coaster's operating computers: programmable logic controllers (often called PLCs). A PLC detects faults associated with the mechanism and makes decisions to operate roller coaster elements (e. Periodic maintenance and inspection are required to verify structures and materials are within expected wear tolerances and are in sound working order. Sound operating procedures are also a key to safety. Roller coaster design requires a working knowledge of basic physics to avoid uncomfortable, even potentially fatal, strain to the rider. Ride designers must carefully ensure the accelerations experienced throughout the ride do not subject the human body to more than it can handle. The human body needs time to detect changes in force in order to control muscle tension. Failure to take this into account can result in severe injuries such as whiplash. The accelerations accepted in roller coaster design are generally in the 4- 6. Gs (4. 0. Lateral accelerations are generally kept to a minimum by banking curves. The neck's inability to deal with high forces leads to lateral accelerations generally limited to under 1. Gs. Thus in the USA, California requires amusement parks to report any ride- related accident that requires an emergency room visit, while Florida exempts parks whose parent companies employ more than 1. Ed Markey of Massachusetts has introduced legislation that would give oversight of rides to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). In recent years, controversy has arisen about the safety of increasingly extreme rides. There have been suggestions that these may be subjecting passengers to translational and rotational accelerations that may be capable of causing brain injuries. In 2. 00. 3 the Brain Injury Association of America concluded in a report that . Equally evident is that the overwhelming majority of riders will suffer no ill effects. Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that 1. According to a study commissioned by Six Flags, 3. The study concluded that a visitor has a one in one- and- a- half billion chance of being fatally injured, and that the injury rates for children's wagons, golf carts, and folding lawn chairs are higher than for amusement rides. Steel coasters have tubular steel tracks, and compared to wooden coasters, they are typically known for offering a smoother ride and their ability to turn riders upside- down. Wooden coasters have flat steel tracks, and are typically renowned for producing . Newer types of track, such as I- Box and Topper introduced by Rocky Mountain Construction, improve the ride experience on wooden coasters, lower maintenance costs, and add the ability to invert riders. Modern roller coasters are constantly evolving to provide a variety of different experiences. More focus is being placed on the position of riders in relation to the overall experience. Traditionally, riders sit facing forward, but newer variations such as stand- up and flying models position the rider in different ways to change the experiences. A flying model, for example, is a suspended roller coaster where the riders lie facing forward and down with their chests and feet strapped in. Other ways of enhancing the experience involve removing the floor beneath passengers riding above the track, as featured in floorless roller coasters. Also new track elements . As a result, some classifications are not always agreed upon or defined consistently throughout the roller coaster industry. One classification known as a kiddie coaster is a roller coaster specifically designed for younger riders including toddlers. VR Blockbuster attraction ! Der Freizeitpark in der virtuellen Realit. Bitte registrieren Sie Promotion- Code oder kaufen Sie die App, wenn Sie das Spiel Spa.
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